1. Concept of Ethical Hacking

1. Concept of Ethical Hacking
Hacking
The Art of exploring various security breaches is termed as Hacking.
Computer Hackers have been around for so many years. Since the Internet became widely used in the World, We


have started to hear more and more about hacking. Only a few Hackers, such as Kevin Mitnick, are well known.
In a world of Black and White, it’s easy to describe the typical Hacker. A general outline of a typical Hacker is an
Antisocial, Pimple-faced Teenage boy. But the Digital world has many types of Hackers.
Hackers are human like the rest of us and are, therefore, unique individuals, so an exact profile is hard to outline.
The best broad description of Hackers is that all Hackers aren’t equal. Each Hacker has Motives, Methods and
Skills. But some general characteristics can help you understand them. Not all Hackers are Antisocial, Pimple-
faced Teenagers. Regardless, Hackers are curious about Knowing new things, Brave to take steps and they are
often very Sharp Minded.
Hacker
Hacker is a word that has two meanings:
Traditionally, a Hacker is someone who likes to play with Software or Electronic Systems. Hackers enjoy Exploring
and Learning how Computer systems operate. They love discovering new ways to work electronically.
Recently, Hacker has taken on a new meaning — someone who maliciously breaks into systems for personal gain.
Technically, these criminals are Crackers as Criminal Hackers. Crackers break into systems with malicious
intentions.
They do it for Personal gain, Fame, Profit and even Revenge. They Modify, Delete and Steal critical information,
often making other people's life miserable.


Hacking has a lot of meanings depending upon the person’s knowledge and his work intentions. Hacking is an Art
as well as a Skill. Hacking is the knowledge by which one gets to achieve his Goals, anyhow, using his Skills and
Power.
Most people associate Hacking with breaking law, therefore calling all those guys who engage in hacking activities
to be criminals. We agree that there are people out there who use hacking techniques to break the law, but
hacking is not really about that. In fact, hacking is more about following the law and performing the steps within
the limits.
Hacker vs. Cracker
What Is the Difference Between a Hacker and a Cracker?
Many articles have been written about the difference between Hackers and crackers, which attempt to correct


public misconceptions about hacking. For many years, media has applied the word Hacker when it really means
Cracker. So the public now believe that a Hacker is someone who breaks into computer systems and steal
confidential data. This is very untrue and is an insult to some of our most talented Hackers.
There are various points to determine the difference between Hackers and crackers
Definition - A Hacker is a person who is interested in the working of any computer Operating system. Most often,
Hackers are programmers. Hackers obtain advanced knowledge of operating systems and programming
languages. They may know various security holes within systems and the reasons for such holes. Hackers constantly seek further knowledge, share what they have discovered, and they never have intentions about
damaging or stealing data.
Definition - A Cracker is a person who breaks into other people systems, with malicious intentions. Crackers gain
unauthorized access, destroy important data, stop services provided by the server, or basically cause problems for
their targets. Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious.
Whatever the case, most people give Hacker a negative outline. Many malicious Hackers are electronic thieves.
Just like anyone can become a thief, or a robber, anyone can become a Hacker, regardless of age, gender, or
religion. Technical skills of Hackers vary from one to another. Some Hackers barely know how to surf the Internet,
whereas others write software that other Hackers depend upon.
Types of Hacker
Let’s see the categories of Hackers on the basis on their knowledge.


Coders
The Real Hackers are the Coders, the ones who revise the methods and create tools that are available in the
market. Coders can find security holes and weaknesses in software to create their own exploits. These Hackers
can use those exploits to develop fully patched and secure systems.
Coders are the programmers who have the ability to find the unique vulnerability in existing software and to
create working exploit codes. These are the individuals with a deep understanding of the OSI Layer Model and
TCP/IP Stacks.
Admins
Admins are the computer guys who use the tools and exploits prepared by the coders. They do not develop their
own techniques, however they uses the tricks which are already prepared by the coders. They are generally
System Administration, or Computer Network Controller. Most of the Hackers and security person in this digital
world come under this category.
Admins have experience with several operating systems, and know how to exploit several existing vulnerabilities.
A majority of Security Consultants fall in this group and work as a part of Security Team.
Script Kiddies
Next and the most dangerous class of Hackers is Script kiddies, They are the new generation of users of computer
who take advantage of the Hacker tools and documentation available for free on the Internet but don’t have any
knowledge of what’s going on behind the scenes. They know just enough to cause you headaches but typically are
very sloppy in their actions, leaving all sorts of digital fingerprints behind. Even though these guys are the teenage
Hackers that you hear about in the news media, they need minimum skills to carry out their attacks.
Script Kiddies are the bunnies who use script and programs developed by others to attack computer systems and
Networks. They get the least respect but are most annoying and dangerous and can cause big problems without
actually knowing what they are doing.