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Environment Pollution All the ingredients that we have around us are jointly known as environment. Environment pollution implies the contamination of the surroundings. Any abnormal change of environment in chemical, physical and biological characteristics in environment is called environment pollution. Environment is the whole system of our existence. Our environment is becoming polluted every day for several reasons. Human beings mainly pollute environment. Massive industrialization is an important cause of environment. Smoke from motor vehicles also pollutes environment. Serious environment pollution occurs in big cities because buses, trucks and cars play in the streets every day and emit smoke. Mills and factories also pollute water. They throw their waste products into rivers and canals. By burning wood and melting pitch for road construction people make more smoke and pollute air. We use pesticide in our crop fields. It also pollutes our environment. Indiscriminate cutting of tre...

Next up we have the remediation report, which contains the overall recommendations that once implemented would increase the security of the organization. This is specifically an area of interest for the management class, as they are the ones that are going to enforce the security policies of an organization.As mentioned earlier, these guys may or may not be technical; therefore our remediation report should be very precise and easy to understand. Things that could improve overall security such as implementing SDLC, a firewall, and an intrusion detection system should be recommended. The following is an example of how a remediation report should look like:

As the name suggests, an executive summary is the portion that is specifically addressed to execu-tives such as the CEO or the CIO of the company. The executive summary is the most essen-tial part of a penetration testing report; a good executive summary can make all the difference between a good report and a bad one. Since the executive summary is specifically written to address the nontechnical audience, you should make sure that it’s presented in such a way that it’s easily comprehensible. Following are some of the essential points that you should take into consideration while writing an executive summary. 1.Since executives are very busy, they have minimal time to invest in reading your reports. Therefore you should make sure that your executive summary is precise and to the point. 2.Your executive summary should start with defining the purpose of the engagement and how it was carried out. Things such as the scope should be defined but very precisely. 3.Next, you should explain the resu...

Now we are going to get into the essentials of the reporting phase, which will teach you about the structure of a report. We have discussed what a good report should look like. I pointed out that knowing your audience was essential. One of the key factors about a good report is that it should meet the needs for each audience and be presented in a clear and understandable manner. The next major part of writing a report is the analysis, where we perform risk assessment and calculate the overall risk to the organization based upon our findings; along with this, your report should also provide remediation on how the risk can be averted. Structure of a Penetration Testing Report Let’s look step by step on how a good report should be laid out. At the end of this chapter, I have provided links to some of the best reports which have been provided to the local mass. Cover Page We start with the cover page; this is where you would include details such as your company logo, title, and a short desc...

The audience that would be reading your penetration testing report is a very crucial part of the penetration test. We can divide the audience into three different categories: 1. Executive class 2. Management class 3. Technical class While writing a report, you must understand which audience would read which part of your report; for example, the company’s CEO would not be interested in what exploit you used to gain access to a particular machine, but on the flip side, your developers will probably not be interested in the overall risks and potential losses to the company; instead, they would be interested in fixing the code and therefore in reading about detailed findings. Let’s briefly talk about the three classes. Executive Class this category includes the CEOs of the company. Since they have a very tedious schedule and most of the times have less technical knowledge, they would end up reading a very small portion of the report, specifically the executive summary, remediation report, etc.,...

……..continue of report writing …….. 4. Correct spelling and grammar is important too. A misspelled word leaves a very negative impact upon the person who is reading your report. So, you should make sure that you proofread your report and perform spell-checks before submitting it to the client. 5. Always make sure that you use a consistent voice and style in writing a report. Changing the voice would create confusion in the reader; so you should choose one voice and style and stick to it throughout your report. 6. Make sure you spend time on eliminating false-positives (vulnerabilities that are actually not present), because false-negatives will always be there no matter what you do. Eliminating the false-positives would enhance the credibility of the report. 7. Perform a detailed analysis of the vulnerability to find out its root cause. A screenshot of a RAW http request or the screenshot that demonstrates the evidence of the finding would give a clear picture to the developer of the st...

When the scope of the penetration test is defined, the category/type of the penetration test engage-ment is also defined along with it. the entire penetration test can be Black Box, White Box, or Gray Box depending upon what the organization wants to test and how it wants the security paradigm to be tested. Black Box A black box penetration test is where little or no information is provided about the specified target. In the case of a network penetration test this means that the target’s DMZ, target operating sys-tem, server version, etc., will not be provided; the only thing that will be provided is the IP ranges that you would test. In the case of a web application penetration test, the source code of the web application will not be provided. this is a very common scenario that you will encounter when performing an external penetration test. White Box A white box penetration test is where almost all the information about the target is provided. In the case of a network penetration test,...

LONDON: Pop superstar Adele has hinted that her current tour for Grammy-winning album “25” will be her last. The 29-year-old included a signed, handwritten note in the program for her Wednesday night show at Wembley Stadium in London stating, “I don’t know if I’ll ever tour again and so I want my last time to be at home.” Her announcement comes at the end of a 15-month tour throughout Europe, the US, Australia and New Zealand. “Touring is a peculiar thing, it doesn’t suit me particularly well,” she said. The “Hello” singer will perform three more shows in London, finishing her tour on Sunday after a total of 123 performances.

Drug addiction — falling prey to the dangerous habit of taking narcotics — is spreading fast among young men all over the world. It is a veritable malady that, once indulged in, gets into bones and cannot be shaken off with the all the efforts. The result is that not only the young addict but his family is often doomed. Various factors are at work for the spread of this infection. The commonest cause is a widespread feeling among even tender-aged boys and girls, of deep depression and gloom. We live in an age of heightened tempo of fife. Domestic atmosphere and parental relation today are not all that is desired. Often both father and mother go out to work outside, leaving the child uncared for. Thus sub-conscious discontent is primarily responsible for the teen-ager going astray (on wrong lines). There are also drug-traders around them, lying in wait to look for the possible victim. They have paid agents who tempt depressed and discontented boys. Tender-aged boys and girls feel natura...